The knowledge reserve of the American psychoanalytic magazine circle is too outdated

The knowledge reserve of the American psychoanalytic magazine circle is too outdated

There are many international psychoanalytic journals such as Psychoanalytic Review, the review editor's knowledge reserve seems to be shockingly small, and he seems to be completely ignorant of some major conceptual developments. So when he saw the phenomena of paranoid-schizoid-position and its related slow brain waves, dreams and daydreams, he could only understand them with the original concepts of the paranoid-schizoid position in Klein's era. As a result, he was completely confused about why humans are in daydreams, why in games and game therapy, they get psychological integration of brain information in dreams as if floating in daydreams, and how the psychological integration of brain information in dreams during rapid eye movement is similar to the therapeutic mechanism of rapid eye movement therapy, how autistic patients can save themselves through daydreaming games and avoid falling into the split of the schizophrenic psychological self, and how the process of autistic patients' self-saving daydreaming games comes into contact with the big Other pointed out by Lacan to avoid falling into an isolated world, etc. So they just felt they didn't understand what it was about, they could only understand some comparisons of game therapy theories attached to these important contents, and felt that it was like a student's answer. Bah!

First, adults' brainwaves in everyday states are fast waves, while children's are slow waves; however, adults' relaxed and leisurely play states regress to slow waves, and brainwaves in sleep also manifest as slow-wave states. The essence of psychological states is like daydreams, and various psychological mechanisms are in fact transformations of the four dream-work mechanisms pointed out by Freud in The Interpretation of Dreams. Essentially, humans float in daydreams, but the closer to everyday waking states, the more it tends toward the depressive position, where daydreams become more like stable and viscous water waves, no longer as fantastical and changeable as in play and dreams. Whereas humans in play and sleep tend more toward the paranoid-schizoid position; in dreams, people can often efficiently complete the psychological integration of brain information, and in play as a daydream state, there is similarly an analogous effect. This is the direct use of the paranoid-schizoid position's form for therapy, rather than merely regressing to a relatively lower developmental level of the paranoid-schizoid state and then compensating for defects at that lower level or working through conflicts existing at that lower developmental level. Rather, it emphasizes the psychologically constructive role that the paranoid-schizoid position can play in its own healthy state under normal conditions.

And the paranoid-schizoid position and depressive position mentioned here are not merely as described in the traditional definitions of the Kleinian school, but rather as revised by Thomas Ogden in his definition of the characteristics of the paranoid-schizoid position, which includes [1: lack of a sense of historical constancy; 2: similar to a self-monitoring perspective, where the self is not directly immersed in the stimuli felt by the self and the impulses generated by it, but rather positioned between the self and the self’s impulses and sensations, allowing indirect connection between the two, with the relationship between them undergoing internal interpretation and processing—the “I-ness” of the “interpretive subject” responsible for this work is relatively deficient in the paranoid-schizoid position; 3: part-object relations; 4: primitive psychological mechanisms]. And among these four characteristics, 1 and 2 are features of the paranoid-schizoid position distilled by Ogden based on his observations of its form. They conform to the features of the form of the paranoid-schizoid position as described in traditional Kleinian doctrine, but the Kleinian school’s description of the paranoid-schizoid position did not summarize and include these two features. And the features of the depressive position are the opposite of these four points, contrasting them, namely: 1: a sense of historical constancy; 2: an interpretive subject I-ness positioned between the self and “the stimuli received by the self and the impulses generated by the self,” thus enabling abstract thinking, capable of buffering emotions and feelings, creating a more complex interpretive internal environment between the self and environmental stimuli, and between the self and the impulses generated by the self; through the indirectness between the self and its feelings and behaviors endowed by this internal environment, thereby gaining greater active autonomy in self-regulation, producing more complex and detailed psychological unfoldings, and thus becoming more mature; 3: whole-object relations; 4: mature psychological mechanisms with successive characteristics. In summary, the experiential state of the depressive position acquires the time concept of “time’s irreversibility, where events that have occurred are constantly unchangeable,” forming a contrast with the dreamlike bubble sensation of the paranoid-schizoid position. And “temporality” corresponds to stability, that is, events and consequences that have occurred become unmagically alterable with the fixation of time. So this is just as I said earlier, the psychological life composed of various psychological mechanisms with Freud’s four dream-work processes as the basis, serving as a “daydream,” the closer to waking states, the more it resembles viscous water waves that are less fantastical and less changeable, but rather stabilized; conversely, the closer to daydreams, the closer to the state of slow-wave brain dreams and play daydreams, the more psychological experiential situations resemble drifting in a fantastical river. Is this explanation clear enough? Can this be considered “tedious”??

And the features of the depressive position are the opposite of these four points, contrasting them, namely: 1: a sense of historical constancy; 2: an interpretive subject self positioned between I-ness and "the stimuli received by the self and the impulses generated by the self," thus enabling abstract thinking, capable of buffering emotions and feelings, creating a more complex interpretive internal environment between the self and environmental stimuli, and between the self and the impulses generated by the self; through the indirectness between the self and its feelings and behaviors endowed by this internal environment, thereby gaining greater active autonomy in self-regulation, producing more complex and detailed psychological unfoldings, and thus becoming more mature; 3: whole-object relations; 4: mature psychological mechanisms with successive characteristics. In summary, the experiential state of the depressive position acquires the time concept of "time's irreversibility, where events that have occurred are constantly unchangeable," forming a contrast with the dreamlike bubble sensation of the paranoid-schizoid position. And "temporality" corresponds to stability, that is, events and consequences that have occurred become unmagically alterable with the fixation of time, so this is just as I said earlier, the psychological life composed of various psychological mechanisms with Freud's four dream-work processes as the basis, serving as a "daydream," the closer to waking states, the more it resembles viscous water waves that are less fantastical and less changeable, but rather stabilized; conversely, the closer to daydreams, the closer to the state of slow-wave brain dreams and play daydreams, the more psychological experiential situations resemble drifting in a fantastical river. Is this explanation clear enough? Can you call this "tedious read"?

Because of the feature [1: lack of a sense of historical constancy] in the paranoid-schizoid position, the paranoid-schizoid position carries a magical quality. In the experiential forms of the paranoid-schizoid position, the images of things possess an impression that everything can be extinguished like bubbles and omnipotently regenerated in that manner. But at the same time, it brings vividly lifelike, embodied, and physically contextualized concrete rather than abstract sensations. This is something not possessed by the experiential forms of the depressive position. If abyone has doubts about these theories or find them too difficult to understand, I hope the person can consult works such as Ogden's Subjects of Analysis, or query through artificial intelligence whether Ogden's theory describes the paranoid-schizoid position or depressive position in this way, or even directly email him to ask—that is all possible.

And the so-called "therapeutic factor of the paranoid-schizoid position" in my paper refers precisely to dreams and daydreams operating at the level of the paranoid-schizoid position, in the state of [lack of a sense of historical constancy], but it is precisely on the basis of this state that the psychological processes of dreams and daydreams proceed in a constructive direction, like wondrously changing bubbles, where complex psychological factors interconnect with each other, forming psychological integration. Play and daydreams precisely possess this kind of psychological therapeutic effect as in dreams. Eye movement desensitization and reprocessing therapy corresponds to the psychological integration occurring in the state of rapid eye movement sleep that generates dreams. However, the form in daydreams and play is equivalent to a similar role in psychological therapy and integration. The healthy association between the paranoid-schizoid position and the depressive position lies in the mutual smooth dynamic transition between the two through dialectical processes, similar to the "transitional space" full of possibilities described by Winnicott. In the transitional space, the depressive position does not rigidly maintain contact with whole objects, nor rigidly maintain the "interpretive subject self" interposed between I-ness and the stimuli felt by the self and the impulses generated by it, nor rigidly maintain the state of abstract thinking that indirectly processes emotional stimuli and impulses, but rather, there can be elastic back-and-forth shuttling between the depressive position and the paranoid-schizoid position. The paranoid-schizoid position can interrupt the depressive position's state of "stagnation, completion, integration already accomplished," bringing new psychological potential energy needed for psychological development, thereby promoting ongoing psychological development.

The dreams and daydreams in the brain's slow-wave state are precisely this healthy and constructive form of daydreaming in the paranoid-schizoid position, enabling autism to achieve self-rescue through daydream-like play, thereby avoiding the splitting of the psychological self as in schizophrenia. And the daydream games of self-rescue in autistic patients differ from the dreams of those with psychosis; they involve contact with the Big Other. This Big Other is not a specific concrete object, but rather, like an ecosystem in relation to a particular organism, it is a kind of "other"—one without a concrete, clear image, like an "abstract container of the other." Just as an ecosystem, for an individual organism, is not a specific biological object, but encompasses all the "others" that interact with that individual organism. Following this framework, it extends to an important therapeutic factor in "play" being "contact with the environment of the Big Other." Through "contact with the environment of the Big Other," in the process where free association and active imagination alternate, or solely in the process of active imagination, the content of active imagination that aligns with psychological constructiveness, through the form of play, seems to directly contact the environment of the Big Other, thereby assisting in the feedback loop of real object relations. Just as autistic patients, through self-rescue similar to their own daydreams and play, configure self-efficacy toward paths of self-construction rather than self-harm. That is, the daydream condensation therapy that heals children through a path of self-rescue from omnipotent illusion to reality integration, preventing misaligned efficacy (negative object attachment). Then extending to how certain play therapies simulate the Big Other as an ecological entity. If unfamiliar with the morphological features of the paranoid-schizoid position as described by Ogden, or unaware of the high-level psychological integration of brain information in dreams as pointed out by Jung and modern neuroscience, one might find what I have written—actually already quite clear—to be inexplicable, as if extremely disjointed. 

If anyone are not familiar with the morphological characteristics of the paranoid-schizoid position described by Ogden, and do not understand the high degree of psychological integration of brain information in dreams pointed out by Jung and modern neurology, the person may find that the above-mentioned things, which are actually very clear, are inexplicable and seem very jumpy. This is purely the fault of the reviewers themselves. If they learn to use AI, they may be able to make up for their knowledge deficiencies.

有不少国际性的精神分析的杂志比如Psychoanalytic Review，其审稿编辑的知识储备似乎少得吓人，似乎对一些重大概念进展一无所知，以至于看到paranoid-schizoid-position（偏执分裂心位）及其关联的慢脑波、梦与白日梦等体验的现象的时候，只能用Klein时代的原始的偏执分裂心位的那些概念去理解，从而对【人类为何处于白日梦中、为何在游戏和游戏治疗中如同漂浮在白日梦中而得到睡梦中的大脑信息心理整合、而发生快速眼动的睡梦中的大脑信息心理整合又如何和快速眼动治疗的治疗机制相似、自闭症患者又如何通过白日梦游戏来自我拯救而避免陷入精神分裂的心理自体的分裂、自闭症患者自我拯救的白日梦游戏的过程又如何与拉康所指出的大他者（Other）相接触从而避免陷入孤立世界】等等，完全一脸懵逼，只觉得不明白这是写的什么，只能看懂这些重要内容后附带的一些游戏治疗理论比较、并觉得那像学生作答，呸！

其实，成人日常状态的脑波为快波，儿童则为慢波，儿童时常陶醉在白日梦似的类似游戏的装袋，成年人放松和悠闲的游戏状态会退行到慢波，在睡梦中的脑波也表现为慢波状态，心理状态本质上就像白日梦，各种心理机制实际上都是弗洛伊德在《梦的解析》中指出的四种梦的工作机制的变形，本质上人类就像漂浮在白日梦中，但是越接近日常清醒状态，越倾向于抑郁心位的状态，白日梦就越像稳定和粘稠的水波，不再像游戏和梦里那么梦幻易变，而人类在游戏和睡梦中倾向于更多处于偏执分裂心位的状态，在梦中人们常常能高效地完成大脑信息的心理整合，在游戏这种白日梦的状态中，同样有着类似的效果，这是直接使用偏执分裂心位的形态进行疗愈，而不仅仅是退行到发育水平比较低级的偏执分裂心位的状态上、然后对这个比较低级的发育水平上存在的缺陷进行弥补或者对这个比较低级的发育水平上存在的冲突进行修通，而是偏执分裂心位自身健康状态的正常情形下能够发挥的心理建设性的作用被强调。

而这里所说的偏执分裂心位和抑郁心位，并非仅仅是克莱因学派传统定义所描述的样子，而是经过Thomas Ogden所修订的关于偏执分裂心位特征的定义，其中包括【1：缺乏历史恒定性的感觉；2: 类似于自我监控视角那样、让自身不是直接地陷入自身感到的刺激和产生的冲动里面，而是处于自身与自身的冲动和感觉之间，让这两者间接地产生连接，这两者之间的关系得到内部解释与加工，负责这样的工作的“解释性的主体”的“自我性”（I-ness)，在偏执分裂心位中相对欠缺；3:部分客体关系；4；原始的心理机制】，而这4个特点当中，1和2是Ogden基于对偏执分裂心位形态的观察从而提炼出来的偏执分裂心位的特征，符合被传统克莱因学说所描述的偏执分裂心位的形态的特征，但克莱因学派对偏执分裂心位的描述并未总结包括了这两点特征。而抑郁心位的特征，则与这4点相反，与这4点成对照，分别为1:有历史恒定感；2:有解释性的主体I-ness位于自身与“自身所受到的刺激和产生的冲动”之间，因此能够进行抽象思维，能够缓冲情感和感受，让自身与环境刺激之间、让自身与自身所产生的冲动之间有更复杂的解释性的内在环境，通过这种内在环境所赋予的自身和自身的感受・行为之间的间接性，从而可以获得更多的自主调控的主动性，可以产生更复杂细致的心理展开方式，从而更加成熟；3：整体的客体关系；4:成熟的具有继时性特征的心理机制。总而言之，抑郁心位经验状态获得了“时间不可逆，已经发生的事情恒定不可更改”的时间概念，与偏执分裂心位的梦幻泡影感形成对照。而“时间性”对应着稳定性，即已经发生的事情和后果随着时间的固定而不可魔幻地更改，于是这就像我刚才所说的，以弗洛伊德所指出的梦的工作的4种作用为本体的各种各样心理机制所组成的心理生活作为“白日梦”，越是接近清醒的状态，就越像有粘性的水波那样不那么梦幻不那么易变，而是稳定下来；相反越是接近白日梦、越是接近大脑慢波的梦和游戏白日梦的状态，心理体验情境越像漂流在梦幻的河流里，这样说够明白了吧？能认为这很「乏味」吗？？

因为偏执分裂心位的【1：缺乏历史恒定性的感觉】这一特征，所以偏执分裂心位带有魔幻的色彩，在偏执分裂心位体验形态的事物形象，具有一切可以泡沫一样幻灭和万能地再生那样似的的印象，但是同时它带来栩栩如生的肉体和物理情境化的具体而非抽象的感受，这是抑郁心位的经验形态所不具备的，如果那些学术杂志编辑不懂或对此有怀疑，那也应该学会通过人工智能查询Ogden的理论是否这样描述偏执分裂心位或抑郁心位，而不是自己看不懂就说别人写的东西乏味还让人看不懂。

所谓的“偏执分裂心位的治愈因子”，说的正是梦和白日梦处于偏执分裂心位的水平，处于【缺乏历史恒定性的感觉】的状态，但正是在这样的状态的基础上，梦和白日梦的心理过程按照建设性的方向，好像奇妙变幻的泡沫那样，复杂的心理因素彼此产生联系，形成心理整合，游戏和白日梦，正是有着梦中这样的心理疗愈作用，快速眼动治疗对应着产生梦境的快速眼动睡眠的状态下所发生的心理整合，然而处于白日梦和游戏当中的形态，正相当于类似的心理疗愈和整合的作用，偏执分裂心位和抑郁心位的健康关联在于这两者之间的辩证法的相互顺利动态过渡，类似于Donald Winnicott 所说的充满可能性的“过渡性空间”，在过渡性空间里，抑郁心位不是僵化地保持着让接触完整客体、僵化地保持着“解释性自我主体”横亘I-ness和自身所感受到的刺激与产生的冲动之间，不是僵化地保持着间接地处理情感刺激和冲动的抽象思维状态，而是抑郁心位与偏执分裂心位之间可以弹性地来回穿梭，偏执分裂心位可以打断抑郁心位的那种“停滞，完结，整合已经完成”的状态，带来心理发育所需的新的心理势能，促成心理不断发展。

大脑的慢波状态下的梦和白日梦，正是这种偏执分裂心位的健康和建设性的白日梦，让自闭症通过白日梦游戏那样的自我拯救，避免了精神分裂那样的心理自体的分裂，而自闭症患者自我拯救的白日梦游戏，与精神病人的梦不一样，他们是接触到大他者的，这个大他者，并非具体的某特定对象，而是像生态环境相对于某一个生物而言好像是一个“他者”那样，是一个没有具体清晰形象的，“他者的抽象容器”那样的他者，就像生态系统对于个别生物来说不是一个特定的生物对象，但是生态系统概括了与个别生物发生互动的所有“他者”。沿着这个框架，引申出“游戏”的一个重要治愈因素是“与大他者的环境的接触”，通过“与大他者的环境的接触”，在自由联想与积极想象交错进行的过程中，或者仅仅在积极想象的过程中，符合心理建设性的积极想象的内容，通过游戏的形式，彷佛与大他者的环境直接接触，从而能够协助真实的客体关系的反馈循环，就像自闭症患者通过类似于自身的白日梦和游戏那样的自我拯救，使得自我效能感被配置到自我建设而非自我伤害的途径上，也就是白日梦凝缩疗愈儿童从全能幻想到现实整合的自救路径，防错位效能（负面客体依恋），然后引申出一些游戏治疗是大他者生态模拟。

若对Ogden所描述偏执分裂心位的形态特征不熟悉，也不懂Jung和现代神经学所指出的梦中的高度大脑信息心理整合，也许就会觉得上述其实已经很清晰的东西是莫名其妙，好像非常跳跃那样，这就纯粹是审阅文章的人自己的毛病，假如他们学会使用AI或能弥补他们知识的缺陷。